Jerusalem in Revolt

Harold the Great dies, this is how we knew Jesus was born BC, and his kingdom was divided into 3 parts:

Archelaus- got the lions share of Harold’s kingdom, he was his son. They refused to call him King. He got samaria. He was highly ineffective and was sent into exile after ruling for less than 10 years

Herod Antipas- became tetrarch (ruler) of Perea and Galilee, he was also exiled.

Herod Philip – he got the worst parts, Iturea and Trachonitis, way up in the north. He ruled from 4 BCE- 34 CE, till his death. On the coins, he put his own picture on the coins and also put the tetrus style temple on there. It was a temple honoring Cesear Agustus.

As Archelaus and Antipas dissapear, they were replaced by Roman procurators (direct Roman rule took over) one of whom was named Pontius Pilate- resided over the trial of Jesus and ordered his execution. He was the governor of Judea from 25-36/7 CE and was ineffective and provoked the jews. He was so bad that the romans called him back to Rome. He put pagean symbols on the coin. Not very sensitive. They found the Pilate Inscription that mentions two people- Pilate that talked about what he did so that is good evidence that he did exist.

Roman Governors were inexperienced and inept, they used the east (where there were lots of riots) as a training round to see if they’d do well. By 66 CE, jewish militants (terrorists or nationalists) open revolt against roman soldiers that were trying to fight for a free Jerusalem The romans would then persecute a lot of jewish people in return

Jews begin to mint their own coins, trying to assert their authority and declare independence. Printing your own money allows you to have a statement of propaganda and independence. This is also propaganda.

After the destruction of the Jewish Temple- physical structure is now not possible!! This caused the same problem as 586. How will we worship god if we cant have those promises fulfilled? What does it mean to be Jewish if you cant offer sacrafice in the temple? Where will god go? This is an example of Cognitive dissonance! THe Vespasians said- every jew had to pay a half sheckle temple tax. After the temple is destroyed, you have a fiscal incentive to give up your faith, but you still have to pay the tax!!! The taxes went to Rome and made it stronger- religious problem

There are things you could do to remain Jewish without the temple- adaptations, those jewish sects that survived the destruction of the temple, had ways to survive without the temple. It was spiritualized. It becomes a spiritual or philosophical way of being a jew. It’s a way to reinterpret the promise or the faith. You don’t need to offer a sacrafice to be a good worshiper. You can say prayers, or eat or not eat foods, live a good life, etc. Modified forms of judiasm. What/ who survived the destruction of the jewish temple? It has to have regional local places of worship. Of a spiritialized god not tied to a city. Identity revolves on the way you live, pray, eat, etc. what you wear. Religion is highly personalized.

Who survived? Christians and ribitic- a transformative event for judiasm

We then learned about the Arch of Titus. Titus builds a big arch in Rome to celebrate his victory over the Jews, the minora is being led off into captivity in the arch, he then made Judea Catpta Coins- to rub it in the faces of the Jews that they were captured! Picture of a jewish woman (Judea) crying at the bottom of the tree with a roman soldier standing next to her. So that way , every time they want to buy something they are reminded of their capture.